Farming and Trade in Bihar
Bihar grows rice and wheat across the fertile Gangetic plain, high-yield rabi maize in the Kosi and Purnea belt, and is famous for Muzaffarpur's Shahi Litchi and Mithila's makhana. It is also a big producer of potato, onion, vegetables, masoor and banana.
Bihar repealed its APMC Act in 2006, so most produce is sold to private traders, local haats and bazaars rather than regulated mandis. Paddy and wheat are bought by PACS (primary agricultural credit societies) for the state.
Crops of Bihar
Tap a crop for its Bihar trade guide: districts, season, markets, government buying and buyers.
| Crop | Main districts in Bihar |
|---|---|
| Wheat | Rohtas, Buxar, Bhojpur, Kaimur, Nalanda, Patna |
| Non-Basmati Rice | Rohtas, Kaimur, Buxar, Aurangabad, Gaya, West Champaran |
| Maize | Purnea, Katihar, Khagaria, Samastipur, Begusarai, Madhepura |
| Moong | Patna, Nalanda, Aurangabad, Begusarai |
| Masoor | Patna (Tal area), Mokama, Barh, Nalanda, Lakhisarai |
| Onion | Nalanda, Patna, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur |
| Potato | Nalanda, Patna, Vaishali, Saran |
| Okra | Patna, Vaishali, Nalanda, Samastipur |
| Brinjal | Patna, Vaishali, Nalanda, Samastipur |
| Cabbage & Cauliflower | Vaishali, Samastipur, Patna |
| Mango | Bhagalpur, Darbhanga, Muzaffarpur, Vaishali |
| Banana | Vaishali, Samastipur, Katihar |
| Guava | Patna, Vaishali, Nalanda |
| Litchi | Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Samastipur, East Champaran, Sitamarhi |
| Tobacco | Samastipur, Vaishali, Muzaffarpur |
| Dry Fruits | Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa |
| Gourds and Cucumber | Patna, Vaishali, Samastipur |
| Sweet Potato | Patna, Vaishali, Nalanda |
| Mentha (Mint Oil) | Muzaffarpur, Vaishali |
| Sugarcane and Jaggery | West Champaran, Gopalganj, Sitamarhi |
| Betel Leaf (Paan) | Nalanda, Gaya, Nawada, Aurangabad |
| Honey | Muzaffarpur, Vaishali, Samastipur |
Major Markets
- Gulabbagh, PurneaMaizeAboutExplore
- MuzaffarpurLitchiAboutExplore
- Patna Bazar SamitiGrains, vegetablesAboutExplore
- DarbhangaMakhanaAboutExplore
State Agencies and Boards
- Bihar State Food and Civil Supplies CorporationGrain procurementAboutExplore
- PACS (primary agricultural credit societies)Village-level paddy and wheat buyingAboutExplore
- Makhana Board (announced 2025)Makhana sectorAboutExplore
Agricultural Universities and Research
Each district also has a Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) for farmer training and advice.
- Bihar Agricultural UniversitySabourAboutExplore
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusa, SamastipurAboutExplore
Exports from Bihar
Farm exports from Bihar usually move through Kolkata and Haldia; road routes to Nepal. Exporters register with APEDA or the relevant commodity board and follow residue and quality rules of the buying country.
Related: All states · All crops
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